Bari Vara: The Day of Divine Feminine Power in Odisha
Bari Vara (also spelled Bara Vara or Baruni) is a sacred observance in Odisha, deeply rooted in the worship of feminine deities, particularly Maa Mangala, Gramadevata (village goddesses), and other forms of Shakti. Unlike mainstream Hindu festivals, Bari Vara is a localized tradition, varying from village to village, yet carrying a unifying theme of devotion, protection, and gratitude.
Origins and Significance
The term "Bari" is believed to derive from "Baruni," associated with Maa Baruni, a form of Goddess Parvati. Some connect it to "Bara" (twelve), indicating its observance on the 12th day of certain lunar phases. Others link it to "Bari" (big or great), signifying its importance in rural Odisha.
This day is primarily dedicated to:
Maa Mangala – The benevolent goddess of well-being.
Gramadevata – The guardian deity of villages.
Dakini, Yogini, and other Tantric deities (in some traditions).
Farmers, fishermen, and artisans observe Bari Vara to seek blessings for prosperity, protection from diseases, and a bountiful harvest.
Unique Rituals Across Odisha
Bari Vara customs differ by region, but some common practices include:
1. The Sacred "Chaura" (Altar) Preparation
A small shrine is decorated with flowers, vermillion, and turmeric.
A Kalasha (sacred pot) filled with water and topped with mango leaves is placed.
Some households use a trishul (trident) or a sword as a symbol of the goddess.
2. Offerings (Bhog)
Poda Pitha (burnt rice cake), Manda Pitha, and Khichdi are common offerings.
Non-vegetarian offerings like fish and meat are made in coastal and tribal areas.
Landha (a type of wild tuber) is eaten as prasad in some regions.
3. Folk Songs and Dances
"Bari Vara Geet" (devotional songs) are sung in praise of the goddess.
Dalkhai and Ghumura dances are performed in Western Odisha.
4. The "Bali" (Sacrifice) Tradition
In some villages, animals like goats or chickens are sacrificed (though declining due to modernization).
In other places, symbolic sacrifices using pumpkins or coconuts are performed.
Regional Variations
Coastal Odisha: Focus on Maa Mangala and Fishermen’s rituals for safe voyages.
Western Odisha: Strong Dakini-Yogini worship, linked to Tantric traditions.
Tribal Areas: Worship of Jahira Burhi or Sarna Devi with tribal dances.
Modern Adaptations:
Many families now replace animal sacrifice with vegetarian offerings.
Urban Odias observe it as a day of fasting and prayer.
NGOs promote eco-friendly celebrations by planting trees in the goddess’s name.
Conclusion:
Bari Vara is more than a ritual—it’s a living tradition that connects Odias to their ancestral roots. Whether through grand village celebrations or quiet home pujas, it remains a powerful expression of faith in the divine feminine.